Recyclable and efficient silica-supported copper hydrogenation catalyst.

Many hydrogenation reactions still depend on noble-metal catalysts, which limits their broader use because of high cost and supply concerns. Developing effective catalysts from abundant materials that operate under mild reaction conditions remains a significant challenge. Here, we show the preparation of a copper silicate catalyst using an ammonia evaporation method that delivers exceptional performance in converting nitroarenes to anilines. The catalyst maintains high activity and stability, providing yields above 99 percent under mild conditions. Structural and surface analyses reveal well-dispersed copper species whose combined contributions promote both hydrogen activation and substrate conversion. This behaviour enables a cost-effective and sustainable alternative to noble-metal catalysts. The material also demonstrates robust recyclability, retaining activity over repeated use, and scale-up tests confirm its practical viability. These results highlight the promise of copper-based systems for efficient and industrially relevant hydrogenation processes.