ArticleScientific reports2025
Precision dosing of recombinant vaccinia vaccine via pillar-guided microneedle patch confers SARS-CoV-2 immunity.
Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Recent advances in microneedle array patch (MAP) technology have highlighted its potential for efficient and accessible vaccine delivery. In this study, we developed a pillar-guided MAP (PG-MAP) loaded with a recombinant vaccinia virus (r-DIs-S) expressing the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) gene. Our fabrication method enabled precise localization of a high viral titer (> 9.4 ± 1.8 × 10⁶ PFU per patch), as verified by plaque assay. In vivo immunization in mice demonstrated that the r-DIs-S-loaded PG-MAP elicited robust S-protein-specific IgG and neutralizing antibody responses. Upon SARS-CoV-2 challenge, all PG-MAP-immunized mice survived and maintained their body weight, whereas the control groups experienced severe results. These results demonstrated that the PG-MAP platform enables precise dosing, maintains viral stability, and induces potent protective immunity, offering a promising alternative for decentralized, minimally invasive vaccination strategies against emerging infectious diseases.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.