ArticleScientific reports2025
Investigating the effect of runoff characteristics on fatigue cracking in HMA modified with nano-hydrated lime using mechanical and thermodynamic approaches.
Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Moisture from surface runoff significantly accelerates fatigue cracking in asphalt by damaging bitumen cohesion and its bond with aggregates. This effect is worsened when surface contaminants like dust and soot change the pH of the runoff water. Accordingly, the influence of pH on fatigue cracking in asphalt mixtures was investigated using two aggregate types, two performance grade bitumen types, and nano-hydrated lime (NHL) at two dosage levels as a bitumen modifier. For this purpose, mechanical evaluations were conducted at intermediate temperatures, including Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR) tests on bitumen and Semi-Circular Bending (SCB) tests on HMA samples. Furthermore, surface free energy (SFE) tests, such as Wilhelmy plate (WP) and Universal Sorption Device (USD), were conducted to determine the thermodynamic interactions between bitumen, aggregate, modifier, and acidic/basic runoff. Results showed that applying environmental conditions, particularly acidic conditions, lowered the debonding energy of bitumen-aggregate samples by an average of 10%. This phenomenon was more evident in the mixture's performance, which showed an average 20% reduction in fracture toughness (FT) under acidic/basic wet conditions. This was attributed to diminished bitumen-aggregate adhesion, which reduces resistance to crack growth in the presence of moisture. Acidic and basic conditions increased bitumen's complex modulus and phase angle, raising the fatigue parameter ([Formula: see text]) and cracking probability. Consequently, the fracture energy (FE) of the HMAs under acidic/basic moisture conditions decreased by an average of 17%. In contrast, the application of NHL was found to increase the basic elements while reducing the acidic elements of bitumen's SFE. According to SFE theory, this resulted in stronger intrinsic bitumen-aggregate adhesion, which was reflected in the mixture as a 24% increase in FT. NHL also improved the nonpolar elements of SFE, positively affecting both cohesive and adhesive strength. The influence of this factor on the performance of the bitumen and mixture also included a reduction in the [Formula: see text] and an increase in FE. For instance, the PG 58 - 22 bitumen modified with 0.4% NHL exhibited a fatigue parameter of 1078 kPa under acidic conditions (pH = 5), which was even lower than that of the base bitumen. Overall, the combination of PG 58 - 22 modified with 0.4% NHL and limestone demonstrated the greatest resistance to fatigue under acidic/basic moisture conditions.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.