SynthesisBritish journal of clinical pharmacology2026
Risk of gastrointestinal bleeding by specific SSRIs and SNRIs: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in British journal of clinical pharmacology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Risk of gastrointestinal bleeding by specific SSRIs and SNRIs: A systematic review and meta-analysis.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2026Pooled it
- Discovery of novel Kir4.1 inhibitors based on serdemetan with potential therapy for glioblastoma-depression comorbidity.Pharmaceutical science advances · 2026Article
- Risk of gastrointestinal bleeding with gabapentin versus duloxetine in older adults with neuropathic pain: a target trial emulation cohort study.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and bleeding risk in patients undergoing PCI on dual antiplatelet therapy: a retrospective cohort study.European heart journal. Cardiovascular pharmacotherapy · 2026Observational
- Phenotype-guided selection of venlafaxine and topiramate for vestibular migraine: a narrative review.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
aimThe purpose of this study is to estimate the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) by selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) individual agents.
methodsA systematic review was conducted for each unique antidepressant (i.e. SSRI: citalopram, escitalopram, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, paroxetine, and sertraline; and SNRIs: desvenlafaxine, venlafaxine, and duloxetine) combined with search terms for GIB in PubMed and EMBASE from inception to October 2025. Articles including results on specific antidepressants and GIB risk were included.
resultsFrom a total of 1218 identified publications, 20 studies were included and analysed using a random-effect meta-analysis. Twelve studies (60%) used a case-control design, three (15%) a cohort study design, one (5%) a case cross-over, one (5%) used both case-control and cross-over designs and three (15%) were randomized control trials (RCTs). Studies sample sizes ranged from 666 235 from a Medicaid population to 1280 from 43 hospitals participating in a RCT. Fluoxetine had the most studies providing evidence (19 studies) and fluvoxamine and duloxetine had the least (five studies). Each antidepressant showed an increased risk of GIB. Venlafaxine had the highest estimated risk (OR 1.50, 95% CI 1.32-1.70), followed by citalopram (OR 1.38, 95% CI 1.17-1.62) and fluoxetine (OR 1.38, 95% CI 1.26-1.51). Paroxetine had the lowest GIB risk (OR 1.31, 95% CI 1.07-1.62).
conclusionGIB is an uncommon adverse event, but this analysis demonstrates that the risk of GIB is elevated for commonly used SSRI/SNRI products, highlighting the relevance for those patients with an increased risk of GIB.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
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