Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41461032›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2026

Resistance, heteroresistance, and fitness costs drive colistin treatment failure during

Juan Hernandez-Bird, Bixi He, Leah M VanOtterloo, Elizabeth B Billings, Wenwen Huo, Gabriella I C Teodoro, Haley Echlin, Jason M Rosch, M Stephen Trent, Ralph R Isberg

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Data-driven Atlas ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026
    Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Review
  5. Review
  6. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Juan Hernandez-BirdDepartment of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111.ORCID 0000-0002-6106-2438
Bixi HeDepartment of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111.
Leah M VanOtterlooDepartment of Microbiology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 38105.
Elizabeth B BillingsDepartment of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111.
Wenwen HuoDepartment of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111.
Gabriella I C TeodoroDepartment of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111.
Haley EchlinDepartment of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 30602.
Jason M RoschDepartment of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 30602.ORCID 0000-0002-1798-1760
M Stephen TrentDepartment of Microbiology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 38105.ORCID 0000-0001-6134-1800
Ralph R IsbergDepartment of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111.

Funding

Innovative technologies to transform antibiotic discovery. Project 4 Infection site-specific amplification of antimicrobial conjugatesU19AI142780 · NIAID · BROAD INSTITUTE, INC. · PI HUNG, DEBORAH T · 2019 to 2023
$33.9M
Predicting the emergence of antibiotic resistance through multi-omics approaches and Immune System-surveillanU01AI124302 · NIAID · BOSTON COLLEGE · PI BENTO, JOSE, COOPER, VAUGHN · 2016 to 2020
$10.2M
Drug resistance enablers and their role in antibiotic treatment failureU19AI158076 · NIAID · BROAD INSTITUTE, INC. · PI COOPER, VAUGHN, ISBERG, RALPH R. · 2022 to 2025
$10.0M
MOLECULAR ANALYSIS OF MICROBIAL PATHOGENST32AI007422 · NIAID · TUFTS UNIVERSITY BOSTON · PI Ralph R. Isberg · 1992 to 2026
$5.7M
The Cell Envelope of the Multi-Drug Resistant Pathogen Acinetobacter baumanniiR01AI150098 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA · PI Michael Stephen Trent · 2020 to 2026
$3.9M
Medical Scientist Training Program at Tufts UniversityT32GM146621 · NIGMS · TUFTS UNIVERSITY BOSTON · PI MICHAEL T CHIN · 2023 to 2026
$2.1M
High-Throughput DNA SequencerS10OD032203 · OD · TUFTS UNIVERSITY BOSTON · PI TAI, ALBERT K · 2022 to 2022
$804k
Identification of the Achilles’ heel in Acinetobacter fluoroquinolone-resistant mutantsR21AI128328 · NIAID · TUFTS UNIVERSITY BOSTON · PI ISBERG, RALPH R. · 2017 to 2018
$454k
HHS | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) R21AI128328HHS | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) U19AI142780NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI150098NIAID NIH HHS R21 AI128328NIAID NIH HHS T32 AI007422NIAID NIH HHS U01 AI124302NIAID NIH HHS U19 AI142780NIAID NIH HHS U19 AI158076NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM146621NIH HHS S10 OD032203
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

PubMed holds no abstract for this paper.

Indexed as

Acinetobacter baumanniiAcinetobacter InfectionsAnti-Bacterial AgentsColistinDrug Resistance, BacterialPneumonia, BacterialAnimalsBacterial ProteinsDrug Resistance, Multiple, BacterialLipopolysaccharidesMiceMicrobial Sensitivity TestsMutationTranscription FactorsAnti-Bacterial AgentsBacterial ProteinsColistinlipid-linked oligosaccharidesLipopolysaccharidesPmrB protein, bacteriaTranscription FactorsAcinetobacter baumanniiantibiotic resistanceimmunocompetenceinsertion sequencespneumonia

Identifiers

PMID41461032
PMCPMC12773716

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.