Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41461028›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2026

Strategies reimagined: SDG-driven solutions for combating global desertification.

Xunming Wang, Xin Geng, Fubao Sun, Mengyao Han, Fahu Chen, Shengqian Chen, Josep Peñuelas, Lei Gao, Brett A Bryan, Changjia Li and 28 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

38 authors.

Xunming WangInstitute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.ORCID 0000-0001-7676-1517
Xin GengInstitute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.ORCID 0000-0002-2846-702X
Fubao SunInstitute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
Mengyao HanInstitute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
Fahu ChenCollege of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
Shengqian ChenState Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Environment and Resources, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
Josep PeñuelasGlobal Ecology Unit, Centre for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications-National Research Council-Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Catalonia 08193, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-7215-0150
Lei GaoCommonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Waite Campus, Adelaide, SA 5064, Australia.
Brett A BryanCentre for Integrative Ecology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3217, Australia.ORCID 0000-0003-4834-5641
Changjia LiState Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.ORCID 0000-0001-7297-9658
Lindsay C StringerDepartment of Environment and Geography, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0003-0017-1654
Jiansheng YeState Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.ORCID 0000-0001-5335-7896
Siyu ChenCollege of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
Jimin SunKey Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China.
Huayu LuSchool of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.ORCID 0000-0002-6306-6985
Huizheng CheState Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Institute of Atmospheric Composition, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
Hongyan LiuCollege of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.ORCID 0000-0002-6721-4439
Baoli LiuEducation and Research Department, Beijing Changier Education Foundation, Beijing 100028, China.ORCID 0000-0003-1093-2293
Zhibao DongSchool of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
Shixiong CaoSchool of Management, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China.ORCID 0000-0003-4396-0207
Ting HuaShaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China.
Xin GaoXinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China.
Zhenting WangKey Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.ORCID 0000-0001-6527-5089
Zhaosheng WangInstitute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.ORCID 0000-0001-7307-2249
Diwen CaiInstitute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.ORCID 0000-0001-7065-3742
Duanyang XuInstitute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
Wenbin ZhuInstitute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.ORCID 0000-0003-0514-6714
Zhiyang LanInstitute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
Wenbin LiuInstitute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.ORCID 0000-0002-9569-6762
Hong ChengState Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
Shi HuInstitute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.ORCID 0000-0002-3550-4538
Mingxing ChenInstitute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.ORCID 0000-0001-5224-9762
Jie LiInstitute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.ORCID 0009-0000-2680-163X
Danfeng LiInstitute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
Fa LiuInstitute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
Shuying ZhangInstitute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
Yuan GongInstitute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.ORCID 0000-0001-6232-5124
Zhepeng DongInstitute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.

Funding

MOST | National Key Research and Development Program of China (NKPs) 2024YFF0809300MOST | National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) 42025104
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Desertification threatens 24% of the world's land area across 126 countries and affects 35% of the global population. However, mainstream global efforts to combat desertification prioritize short-term vegetation greening over addressing resource constraints and local livelihoods, posing hidden challenges to long-term Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) attainment. Here, we evaluated the socioeconomic trade-offs of China's long-standing desertification reversal strategies and explored the potential benefits of innovative agricultural practices using high-resolution suitability models for major crops and cultivated pasture. Compared with a no-intervention baseline, continuing the Grain-for-Green Program and grazing exclusion under projected 2023-2050 warming and wetting trends would lead to reductions of up to 54 to 55% in grain output, 81% in livestock production, and 61% in agricultural income. Conversely, strategies emphasizing pasture cultivation and crop switching could substantially lower national expenditures on combating desertification while restoring ecosystems, enhancing agricultural productivity and incomes, and conserving water resources. These benefits would contribute 0.7%, 9.8%, and 3.8% toward global progress on SDG 1 (no poverty), SDG 2 (zero hunger), and SDG 6 (clean water and sanitation), respectively, while exhibiting trade-offs across multiple SDGs. This study provides a reimagined strategy framework for combating global desertification and promoting sustainable development in vulnerable arid regions worldwide.

Indexed as

climate-economic systemdesertificationpolicy rectificationsustainable development goal

Identifiers

PMID41461028
PMCPMC12773750

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.