ArticleJournal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR2026
Navajo Children With and Without Speech Sound Disorders.
Article in Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
purposeThis study examined whether the Goldman-Fristoe Test of Articulation-Third Edition (GFTA-3) and the Khan-Lewis Phonological Analysis-Third Edition (KLPA-3) accurately classify Navajo children with typically developing (TD) speech or with speech sound disorder (SSD).
methodTwenty-four Navajo children between the ages of 5;00 and 7;11 were classified as either having an SSD (
resultsThe GFTA-3 and the KLPA-3 each identified Navajo children with SSD at 100% accuracy. However, the GFTA-3 and the KLPA-3 classified TD Navajo children as having SSD 83% of the time while only accurately classifying TD Navajo children as TD with 17% accuracy. Based on the ROC, a recommended cutoff score of the GFTA-3 and KLPA-3 to distinguish Navajo children with and without SSD was not established; rather, the four-criterion classification system is preferred.
conclusionThe GFTA-3 and the KLPA-3 standard scores do not accurately classify Navajo children with and without SSDs.
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