ArticleJournal of clinical laboratory analysis2026
Matrix Type Influences the Levels of Soluble Immune Checkpoints.
Article in Journal of clinical laboratory analysis, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- A blood-based immune-suppressive index stratifies immunotherapy outcomes in advanced NSCLC.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSoluble immune checkpoints (sICs) are emerging as possible serum and plasma biomarkers in cancer and immune-mediated diseases, but little is known about the impact of the matrix type in sIC detection. This study aimed to assess whether sIC measurements are comparable between serum and EDTA-plasma samples.
methodsA cohort of 38 healthy subjects was enrolled. A multiplex bead-based assay was used to evaluate a panel of 17 sICs (CD137, 4-1BBL, CD27, CTLA4/CD152, CD80, CD40, CD40L, GITR, GITRL, ICOSL, IDO, LAG3, PD-1, PD-L1, PD-L2, TIM3, and VISTA) in paired serum and plasma-EDTA samples. The detection frequencies, concentrations, and correlations of each sIC were analyzed by comparing the two matrices.
resultsSoluble CD137, CD152, CD40, and LAG3 were detected more frequently in plasma, while soluble CD40L was detected predominantly in serum. The concentrations of soluble 4-1BBL, CD27, PD-1, VISTA were higher in plasma, while the concentrations of soluble PD-L2 were higher in serum. The concentrations of soluble CD80, GITR, GITRL, ICOSL, IDO, and TIM3 were comparable between serum and plasma. Soluble CD27, CD80, GITRL showed a significant positive, slight correlation between plasmatic and serum concentrations.
conclusionExcept for soluble CD80, the detection of the other sICs by the bead-based assay was influenced by the matrix type. The evaluation of the best matrix for sICs should be considered before starting clinical studies.
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