Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41460683›Full record

ArticleThe Cleft palate-craniofacial journal : official publication of the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association2026

Effect of Language Interpreter Modalities on Patient Satisfaction and Clinical Workflow: A Pilot Study in a Multidisciplinary Pediatric Craniofacial Clinic.

Selina Juang, Stella Nguyen, Nada Osman, Keymia Ghodrati, Cristian Reyes, Ioannen Maldonado, Jacquelynn Pino, Marlon Duarte, Kimberly Halley, Irene Hendrickson and 7 more

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In one paragraph

Article in The Cleft palate-craniofacial journal : official publication of the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

17 authors.

Selina JuangPediatric Craniofacial Specialty Care Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.ORCID 0009-0006-1346-3276
Stella NguyenPediatric Craniofacial Specialty Care Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.ORCID 0009-0007-4183-9418
Nada OsmanPediatric Craniofacial Specialty Care Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Keymia GhodratiPediatric Craniofacial Specialty Care Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.ORCID 0009-0008-8863-3422
Cristian ReyesHealth Language Services, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Ioannen MaldonadoHealth Language Services, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Jacquelynn PinoHealth Language Services, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Marlon DuarteHealth Language Services, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Kimberly HalleyPediatric Craniofacial Specialty Care Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Irene HendricksonPediatric Craniofacial Specialty Care Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Marinda TuPediatric Craniofacial Specialty Care Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Jennifer Brazier PeraltaDivision of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-2431-4103
Holly WilhalmeDivision of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Amanda KosackDivision of Pediatric Hospital Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Jessica LloydDivision of Pediatric Hospital Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Carlos LernerDivision of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Christine Katie ThangPediatric Craniofacial Specialty Care Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-5264-2107

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

ObjectiveTo evaluate the feasibility and impact of remote consecutive, in-person consecutive, and in-person simultaneous interpreter modalities on clinical workflow, patient experience, and provider experience in a multidisciplinary pediatric craniofacial clinic.DesignMixed-methods study incorporating quantitative clinical workflow and patient survey data with qualitative semi-structured interviews.SettingSingle-site multidisciplinary pediatric craniofacial clinic at an academic medical center.Patients, ParticipantsA total of 170 patients were seen during the study period: 126 (74.1%) English-speaking (for no interpreter comparison) and 44 (25.9%) Spanish-speaking using interpreter services. A total of 105 (61.8%) patients completed voluntary patient satisfaction surveys. Sixteen craniofacial providers and four Spanish-speaking interpreters participated in interviews.InterventionsLanguage interpretation was provided via three modalities: remote (audio and video) consecutive, in-person consecutive, and in-person simultaneous.Main Outcome Measure(s)Clinic cycle time and face-to-face time; patient satisfaction scores; thematic analysis of provider and interpreter interviews.ResultsClinic time and satisfaction scores did not differ significantly across modalities. Interviews revealed that in-person interpretation supported rapport, trust, and clarity, while remote interpretation posed technical and relational challenges. Simultaneous interpretation was valued for efficiency but required greater cognitive effort from interpreters. Preferences for in-person consecutive and simultaneous interpretation varied with patient and clinic needs.ConclusionsWhile quantitative outcomes showed minimal workflow differences among interpreter modalities, qualitative findings highlight important communication benefits of in-person interpretation, especially when interpreters are experienced and integrated into the care team. Tailored interpretation approaches may better promote equitable care in multidisciplinary pediatric craniofacial settings.

Indexed as

Communication BarriersCraniofacial AbnormalitiesPatient SatisfactionTranslatingWorkflowAdolescentChildChild, PreschoolFemaleHumansInterviews as TopicMalePilot ProjectsSurveys and Questionnairescommunicationcraniofacialhealthcare disparitieshealth equitylanguage interpretersmultidisciplinarypatient-centered carepatient satisfactionpediatric

Identifiers

PMID41460683
PMCPMC12953663

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.