Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41460443›Full record

ArticleDiscover mental health2025

A thematic analysis of the views of neurodivergent women with a personality disorder diagnosis on clinical pathways within mental health services.

Rhian Graham, Zoe Matthews, Jennie Parker, Thea Dyer, Harry Cullinane, Clare Crole-Rees

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Discover mental health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Rhian GrahamOxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Littlemore Mental Health Centre, Sandford Road, Littlemore, Oxford, OX4 4XN, UK. rhian.graham@oxfordhealth.nhs.uk.
Zoe MatthewsOxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Littlemore Mental Health Centre, Sandford Road, Littlemore, Oxford, OX4 4XN, UK.
Jennie ParkerBerkshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Berkshire, UK.
Thea DyerOxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Littlemore Mental Health Centre, Sandford Road, Littlemore, Oxford, OX4 4XN, UK.
Harry CullinaneOxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Littlemore Mental Health Centre, Sandford Road, Littlemore, Oxford, OX4 4XN, UK.
Clare Crole-ReesOxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Littlemore Mental Health Centre, Sandford Road, Littlemore, Oxford, OX4 4XN, UK.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeAdults with a personality disorder diagnosis have a high prevalence of co-occurring autism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, there is often no defined pathway within mental health services to meet the needs of this population, and a lack of evidence or consensus on the optimal approaches to identification, treatment and support for neurodivergent people with a personality disorder diagnosis. There has been little exploration of the views of this population on the care they receive in community mental health services. Therefore, the aim of this project was to understand the experiences and perspectives of neurodivergent people with a personality disorder diagnosis, to inform a clinical pathway which is effective, safe, sustainable and equitable.

methodsTen qualitative interviews were conducted with women with a diagnosis of, or had been referred for a diagnosis of, autism or ADHD, and a diagnosis of personality disorder. Interviews were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.

resultsFive key themes emerged; staff factors (understanding and skills, attitudes and communication), pathways and processes (access to services and barriers to support), involving and enabling (through adaptations and empowerment), support and clinical interventions (experience of individual therapies and groups, and opportunities to evaluate support), and diagnosis and identification (the impact and accuracy of diagnosis).

conclusionsThis study highlights gaps in current practice as well as personal preferences about identity and experiences of misdiagnosis. It identifies the components of an integrated clinical pathway, that include a person-centered, formulation-driven approach to assessment and reasonable adjustments; peer-led psychosocial support; adapted transdiagnostic psychological therapies; and embedded co-production. Clinical and research priorities are discussed.

Indexed as

ADHDAutismClinical pathwaysMisdiagnosisNeurodivergencePersonality disorder

Identifiers

PMID41460443
PMCPMC12748443

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.