Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41460269›Full record

ArticleThe European journal of health economics : HEPAC : health economics in prevention and care2026

Patient and medical choice across public and private health providers: the case of birth timing manipulation in Brazil.

Paula Spinola, Rudi Rocha

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Article in The European journal of health economics : HEPAC : health economics in prevention and care, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Paula SpinolaInter-American Development Bank, 1300 New York Avenue, N.W. Washington, D.C, 20577, USA. paula.spinola@gmail.com.
Rudi RochaSão Paulo School of Business Administration, Fundação Getulio Vargas, São Paulo, Brazil.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In this paper we assess the extent to which patient and physician preferences determine birth timing manipulation in public and private hospitals, among white and black mothers, using data from approximately 37 million births in Brazil. Our findings show that manipulation is markedly salient in the private sector and among white women. While the timing of births in the public sector is also influenced by specific incentives, their impact is less pronounced and more evenly distributed across racial groups. The analysis provides a comprehensive and integrated assessment of how treatment decisions respond to different individual incentives, for different population groups, and within distinct institutional settings, thus allowing for comparison of magnitude of estimates across health systems and populations.

Indexed as

Choice BehaviorDelivery, ObstetricHospitals, PrivateHospitals, PublicPatient PreferenceAdultBlack PeopleBrazilFemaleHumansPregnancySouth American PeopleTime FactorsWhite PeopleYoung AdultBirth timing manipulationDemographic and racial inequalitiesHealth systems incentivesTreatment choice

Identifiers

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Textmetadata
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.