ArticleFrontiers in immunology2025
Epidemiological, clinical characteristics and prognostic factors analysis of adult patients with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in a Chinese hospital.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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2 citing papers in PubMed.
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5 authors.
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Abstract
Background: Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare and life-threatening syndrome characterized by immune dysregulation and excessive inflammation. Although diagnostic criteria and treatment protocols of HLH are well-established for pediatric populations, managing adult HLH remains challenging. Methods: We conducted a single-center retrospective cohort study with adult HLH using data from the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University (January 2015-November 2023). Patient demographics, triggers, and outcomes were analyzed. Trends in case volume, diagnostics, treatments, and 30-day mortality were assessed using Sen's slope estimator. To evaluate the COVID-19 pandemic's impact, we compared pre-/post-January 2020 data. Logistic regression, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and resource utilization analysis were applied in the analysis. Results: Among 711 HLH patients (71.1% aged 43-78 years), malignancy (45.9%) and infection (31.3%) were the predominant triggers. Cases showed a non-significant upward trend (peak increase: 103.6%; slope=2.458; Conclusion: Despite advancements in pediatric HLH, adult HLH mortality remains high, driven by diagnostic delays, comorbid complexity, and lack of standardized protocols. Future efforts must prioritize: (1) adult-specific biomarkers for early diagnosis, (2) trigger-tailored immunotherapies, and (3) multidisciplinary care pathways to address multisystem involvement.
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