ArticleFrontiers in immunology2025
Mono-WNV and combined WNV/TBEV inactivated vaccine efficacy against a wide range of WNV and TBEV strains.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Abstract
West Nile virus (WNV) is widespread throughout the world. Occasionally, it causes outbreaks of the West Nile fever (WNF) disease, which can lead to severe CNS damage or death. At the same time, the virus' expanding range is increasingly leading to the formation of mixed foci with other orthoflaviviruses, such as tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV). Based on long-term experience using inactivated vaccines to target tick-borne encephalitis (TBE), it seems sensible to create a complex inactivated vaccine targeting two antigens to protect the population against several orthoflaviviruses at once. The immunogenicity and efficacy of the mono-WNV and combined WNV/TBEV inactivated vaccines-based on WNV strain SHUA-3 and TBEV strain Sofjin against a wide range of WNV and TBEV strains-were compared in an
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