ArticleFrontiers in cardiovascular medicine2025
The heart of the futsal athletes: a comparison of heart structure among under-18, under-20 and adult elite players.
Article in Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Introduction: This study examined cardiac adaptations in futsal athletes to determine how sport-specific training influences cardiac morphology and function across different competitive levels. Methods: Male athletes from under-18, under-20, and adult categories underwent electrocardiogram, transthoracic echocardiogram, and cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Measured parameters included VO₂max, ventricular and atrial dimensions, wall thickness, and cardiac mass index. Group differences were analyzed using one-way ANOVA with Tukey's Results: Under-20 athletes showed significantly higher VO₂max compared to adults (mean difference: +4.87 mL·kg Conclusion: Progressive futsal training promotes selective cardiac remodeling characterized by increased wall thickness and chamber dilation in adult athletes without compromising function. These adaptations reflect physiological remodeling associated with chronic high-intensity intermittent training, emphasizing the need for longitudinal monitoring to distinguish normal adaptation from early pathological changes.
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