SynthesisDrug design, development and therapy2025
Spray Drying for Pharmaceutical Raw Materials: A Systematic Review on Enhancing Bioavailability and Stability.
Synthesis in Drug design, development and therapy, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Antitumor-Relevant Evaluation of Liquid and MicroencapsulatedMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Development of hyaluronic acid-based nanocomposite eye drops: A synergistic platform for enhanced ocular delivery of acetazolamide.International journal of pharmaceutics: X · 2026Article
- Next-Generation Minimally Invasive Anti-Aging Therapy: Incorporation of Resveratrol-Nicotinamide Cerosomes into PLGA Microneedles for Enhanced Skin Permeation.Pharmaceutics · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Spray drying is extensively utilized in pharmaceutical development because of its scalability, cost-effectiveness, and capacity to customize solid-state characteristics. This systematic review (PubMed and Scopus, 2021-2025) assesses the impact of spray drying on the bioavailability and stability of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) and natural products within solid dispersions (SD), solid self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (S-SNEDDS), and microencapsulation. A total of 27 qualifying studies were identified and offered quantitative comparisons with untreated controls. SDs yielded AUC enhancements of 9-20-fold (eg, oxyberberine approximately 9-fold, quercetin approximately 20-fold) and dissolution improvements of 2-6-fold. S-SNEDDS produced AUC enhancements of 4-9.9-fold (sorafenib approximately 4.6-fold, enzalutamide approximately 7-fold, niclosamide approximately 9.9-fold). Microencapsulation enhanced oxidative stability (eg, approximately 3-fold reduction in peroxide value pepper seed oil and encapsulation efficiency of pomegranate seed oil reaching 90%). Benefits were contingent upon the carrier, especially with PVP/PVPVA, HPMC/HPMCAS, soluplus, and maltodextrin with protein systems. Spray drying provides superior scalability and particle engineering control compared to freeze or vacuum drying, while it still poses hazards of thermal and oxidative stress. Ongoing deficiencies encompass inadequate carrier comparisons, insufficient mechanistic comprehension of drying kinetics, and issues related to scale-up and regulation. This review offers mechanistic insights and a standardized approach to facilitate future formulation development.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.