ArticleFrontiers in neuroimaging2025
Global signal regression reduces connectivity patterns related to physiological signals and does not alter EEG-derived connectivity.
Article in Frontiers in neuroimaging, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Global Signal Removal (GSR) as graph spatial filtering.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- An evaluation of the efficacy of single-echo and multi-echo fMRI denoising strategies.Network neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2026Article
- The efficacy of resting-state fMRI denoising pipelines for motion correction and behavioural prediction.Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
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Abstract
Introduction: Functional brain connectivity measures extracted from resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scans have generated wide interest as potential noninvasive biomarkers. In this context, performing global signal regression (GSR) as a preprocessing step remains controversial. Specifically, while it has been shown that a considerable fraction of global signal variations is associated with physiological and motion sources, GSR may also result in removing neural activity. Methods: Here, we address this question by examining the fundamental sources of resting global signal fluctuations using simultaneous electroencephalography (EEG)-fMRI data combined with cardiac and breathing recordings. Results: Our results suggest that systemic physiological fluctuations account for a significantly larger fraction of global signal variability compared to electrophysiological fluctuations. Furthermore, we show that GSR reduces artifactual connectivity due to heart rate and breathing fluctuations, but preserves connectivity patterns associated with electrophysiological activity within the alpha and beta frequency ranges. Discussion: Overall, these results provide evidence that the neural component of resting-state fMRI-based connectivity is preserved after the global signal is regressed out.
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