Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41457918›Full record

SynthesisJournal of toxicology and environmental health. Part B, Critical reviews2026

A systematic review of environmentally persistent free radical (EPFR) formation, characteristics, and health effects: are there sufficient data for risk assessment?

Avinash Kumar, Divine Nde, Chuqi Guo, Rashmi Pathak, Fox Foley, Syed Ahmad, Prakash Dangal, Farhana Hasan, Myron Lard, Ankit Aryal and 8 more

Abstract readSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part B, Critical reviews, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

18 authors.

Avinash KumarDepartment of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
Divine NdeDepartment of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
Chuqi GuoDepartment of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
Rashmi PathakDepartment of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
Fox FoleyDepartment of Physics, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
Syed AhmadDepartment of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
Prakash DangalDepartment of Environmental Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
Farhana HasanDepartment of Environmental Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
Myron LardDepartment of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
Ankit AryalDepartment of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
Martine E Mathieu-CampbellDepartment of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
Jennifer IrvingDepartment of Environmental Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
Oluwafeyikemi OgunmusiDepartment of Environmental Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
Jennifer Richmond-BryantDepartment of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
Slawomir LomnickiDepartment of Environmental Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
Lavrent KhachatryanDepartment of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
Stephania A CormierDepartment of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
Tammy R DugasDepartment of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.

Funding

Role of microbiota in increased influenza severity due to particulate matter exposureP42ES013648 · NIEHS · LOUISIANA STATE UNIV A&M COL BATON ROUGE · PI MERCANTE, DONALD E · 2009 to 2024
$27.6M
Translational Research Support CoreP30ES025128 · NIEHS · NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIVERSITY RALEIGH · PI Sue Fenton · 2015 to 2026
$18.3M
Changes in Exposures to PFAS, Metals, Dioxins, and Furans following Cessation of Open Burning of Munitions Wastes at a Hazardous Waste Thermal Treatment FacilityR21ES036500 · NIEHS · NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIVERSITY RALEIGH · PI RICHMOND-BRYANT, JENNIFER · 2024 to 2025
$427k
NIEHS NIH HHS P30 ES025128NIEHS NIH HHS P42 ES013648NIEHS NIH HHS R21 ES036500
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) are stable free radicals formed on particulate matter (PM) through processes such as combustion and pyrolysis. These free radicals are generated on transition metal oxide surfaces in the presence of aromatic precursors. Exposure to EPFRs occurs primarily via inhalation of PM deriving from combustion, traffic, industrial activities, and both indoor and outdoor burning. Other environmental factors that might generate EPFRs are radon, electronic and tobacco cigarettes. EPFRs exhibit unexpectedly long half-lives, ranging from several weeks to, in some cases, several years. EPFRs may be carbon-centered, oxygen-centered or mixed, identified by g-values exhibited in electron paramagnetic resonance analysis. The radicals undergo redox cycling within aqueous solutions and in biological tissues/fluids triggering production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), comprised primarily of hydroxyl, superoxide, and peroxyl radicals. The stability of EPFRs, their association with PM

Indexed as

Air PollutantsEnvironmental ExposureParticulate MatterAnimalsFree RadicalsHumansReactive Oxygen SpeciesRisk AssessmentAir PollutantsFree RadicalsParticulate MatterReactive Oxygen Species

Identifiers

PMID41457918
PMCPMC12914811

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.