Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41457055›Full record

ArticleBritish journal of clinical pharmacology2026

Pharmacokinetic modelling of intravenous immunoglobulin in children with primary immunodeficiencies and secondary antibody deficiencies.

Iek Leng Cheng, Zhong Hui Huang, Austen Worth, Claire Booth, Joseph F Standing

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Article in British journal of clinical pharmacology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Iek Leng ChengInfection, Immunity and Inflammation Research & Teaching Department, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, University of London, London, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1010-8085
Zhong Hui HuangInfection, Immunity and Inflammation Research & Teaching Department, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, University of London, London, UK.
Austen WorthImmunology Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, Greater London, UK.
Claire BoothInfection, Immunity and Inflammation Research & Teaching Department, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, University of London, London, UK.
Joseph F StandingInfection, Immunity and Inflammation Research & Teaching Department, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, University of London, London, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4561-7173

Funding

Health Education England (HEE)/NIHR NIHR301575
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimsChildren with primary immunodeficiency (PID) and secondary antibody deficiency (SAD) often require immunoglobulin replacement therapy due to low plasma immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels and recurrent infections. Existing pharmacokinetic models for immunoglobulin in PID patients predominantly focus on adults, with limited attention to secondary antibody deficiencies and a lesser emphasis on paediatric populations. This study aims to investigate the pharmacokinetic properties of IgG in paediatric patients with PID and SAD.

methodsPopulation pharmacokinetic analysis for PID and SAD children treated with intravenous immunoglobulin at a tertiary paediatric centre was conducted using NONMEM® (7.5.1). Dosing simulations to achieve therapeutic levels of 6 and 8 gL

resultsA population pharmacokinetic analysis of 64 patients (median age 4.08 years, range 0.06-16.8) was performed. A two-compartment model with first-order elimination, incorporating both additive and proportional residual error, adequately described the data. Interindividual variability was modelled on clearance, volume of distribution and baseline IgG levels, with allometric scaling to a 70-kg body weight applied a priori. The estimated clearance was 0.308 L

conclusionsThis study provides insights into immunoglobulin pharmacokinetics in paediatric PID and SAD patients, guiding optimised dosing strategies. Administering a loading dose would improve the probability of maintaining therapeutic IgG levels during the 4-week dosing interval.

Indexed as

Immunoglobulins, IntravenousImmunologic Deficiency SyndromesModels, BiologicalPrimary Immunodeficiency DiseasesAdolescentChildChild, PreschoolFemaleHumansImmunoglobulin GInfantMaleImmunoglobulin GImmunoglobulins, Intravenouschildrenchimeric antigen receptor T cell therapyimmunoglobulinpharmacokinetic modellingprimary immunodeficiencyrituximabsecondary antibody deficiency

Identifiers

PMID41457055
PMCPMC13206320

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.