ArticleExperimental physiology2026
Cardiovascular, respiratory and splenic responses to rebreathing and apnoea during exercise.
Article in Experimental physiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Cardiovascular, respiratory and splenic responses to rebreathing and apnoea during exercise.Experimental physiology · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
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Abstract
We investigated integrative physiological responses to eupnoeic exercise (EX), rebreathing exercise (RB), dynamic apnoea (DA) and dynamic apnoea with cold-water face immersion (DAFI) in 20 healthy participants. Trials involved non-steady-state cycle exercise at 60 W for an average duration of 66 s. With increases in heart rate and stroke volume, EX and RB increased cardiac output compared with baseline (mean [SD] EX +47 [13]%, RB +43 [15]%). During DA and DAFI, the increase in cardiac output was attenuated (DA +26 [23]%, DAFI +14 [21]%). EX and RB elicited reductions in total peripheral resistance (EX -37 [7]%, RB -23 [15]%). This reduction was absent during apnoeas (DA +3 [31]%, DAFI +15 [40]%). Pulmonary oxygen uptake was the lowest during DAFI. At the end of hypoxic trials, end-tidal partial pressures of O
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