Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41456065›Full record

ArticleTropical medicine and health2025

Challenges and opportunities in controlling and eradicating neglected tropical diseases: Public and private health operators in Somalia 2025.

Saadaq Adan Hussein, Marian Muse Osman, Mohamed Mohamoud Hassan, Abdirahman Aden Hussein, Abdinur Hussein Mohamed, Mohamed Farah Yusuf Mohamud, Rage Adem, Mohamed MAli Fuje, Khadar Hussein Mohamud, Ayan Nur Ali and 3 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Tropical medicine and health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Saadaq Adan HusseinDepartment of School of Postgraduate Studies, Benadir University, Mogadishu, Somalia. sadakadamh@gmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0002-7097-8066
Marian Muse OsmanDepartment Benadir Institute for Research and Development, Benadir University, Mogadishu, Somalia.
Mohamed Mohamoud HassanDepartment Rector at, Benadir University, Mogadishu, Somalia.
Abdirahman Aden HusseinDepartment of Research and Policy Development, SOR Institute: Somalia Social Research, Mogadishu, Somalia.
Abdinur Hussein MohamedDepartment of School of Postgraduate Studies, Benadir University, Mogadishu, Somalia.
Mohamed Farah Yusuf MohamudDepartment of CEO, Tayo Institute for Research and Development, Mogadishu, Somalia.
Rage AdemDepartment Director Innovation Hub, Benadir University, Mogadishu, Somalia.
Mohamed MAli FujeDepartment of School of Postgraduate Studies, Benadir University, Mogadishu, Somalia.
Khadar Hussein MohamudDepartment Executive of Somali Development Research Institute (SODRI), Mogadishu, Somalia.
Ayan Nur AliDepartment of Hemodialysis at Mogadishu, Somali Türkiye Training and Research Hospital, Mogadishu, Somalia.
Abdirahman Moallim IbrahimDepartments Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Jazeera University, Mogadishu, Somalia.
Hassan Ahmed MohamedDepartments Health Management Information Systems, Ministry of Health Mogadishu, Mogadishu, Somalia.
AbdulJalil Abdullahi AliDepartment of School of Postgraduate Studies, Benadir University, Mogadishu, Somalia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundGlobally, neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) affect > 1.7 billion people and remain a major cause of morbidity in fragile, resource-limited settings. Somalia, the 44th largest country worldwide, is situated in Africa and ranks among the top 20 countries with the highest number of zero-dose children. Protracted conflict, climate shocks, and displacement hinder effective surveillance and service delivery, exacerbating the prevalence of infectious diseases and active outbreaks. We assessed frontline perspectives on barriers and opportunities for neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) control and eradication in Mogadishu. METHODOLOGY: We conducted a mixed-methods, facility-based cross-sectional study (January-June 2025) across seven hospitals (2 public, 5 private). A structured questionnaire captured sociodemographic and perceptions from 535 health workers (specialists, general practitioners, nurses, pharmacists, midwives, laboratory staff). Qualitative data comprised 15 key informant interviews (KIIs) and 6 focus group discussions (FGDs; 60 participants) with clinicians, CHWs, and managers. Quantitative data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and bivariate tests; qualitative data underwent thematic analysis.

resultOf 535 participants, 341/535 (63.7%) were female most had 1-5 years of experience and bachelor's degrees. Training on NTDs was moderate (58.1%). Priority barriers were lack of funding (61.5%), limited infrastructure (17.4%) and low public awareness (14.2%). Perceived opportunities included improved infrastructure (38.5%; n = 206), health education (37.8%) vaccination campaigns (32.7%) joint CHW-provider training (46.0%), and mHealth for surveillance/reporting (32.9%) PPPs were viewed as essential/important (89.9%). KIIs/FGDs triangulated these findings, adding themes of stigma (especially leprosy), access barriers in IDP/conflict-affected areas, and underused PPP channels.

conclusionNTD progress in Somalia is constrained by financing, capacity, and coordination gaps, but integrated, feasible interventions exist: multi-year financing tied to performance; competency-based upskilling for clinicians/CHWs; standardized CHW-facility referral feedback and digitized reporting within IDSR/DHIS2; formalized PPPs for commodities/reporting/supervision; and climate-aware vector control with WASH messaging prioritized for IDP-dense, flood-prone districts.

Indexed as

DHIS2/IDSRNeglected tropicalPublic–privateSurveillanceVector; mHealth

Identifiers

PMID41456065
PMCPMC12805703

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.