Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41455971›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of health geographics2025

Association of socio-economic and clinical factors with influenza vaccination uptake in high-risk individuals: an Italian retrospective cohort study, 2019-2023.

Francesca Fortunato, Roberto Lillini, Martina Bertoldi, Alessandro Borgini, Georgia Casanova, Angelo Campanozzi, Rosa Prato, Domenico Martinelli

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In one paragraph

Article in International journal of health geographics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Francesca Fortunato *Hygiene Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Policlinico Foggia Hospital, University of Foggia, Ospedale Colonnello D'Avanzo, Viale degli Aviatori 2, 71122 Foggia, Foggia, Italy. francesca.fortunato@unifg.it.
Roberto Lillini *Data Science Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.
Martina BertoldiEnvironmental Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.
Alessandro BorginiEnvironmental Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.
Georgia CasanovaINRCA (IRCCS) - National Institute of Health & Science on Ageing, Centre for Socio-Economic Research on Ageing, Ancona, Italy.
Angelo CampanozziPediatrics Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.
Rosa PratoHygiene Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Policlinico Foggia Hospital, University of Foggia, Ospedale Colonnello D'Avanzo, Viale degli Aviatori 2, 71122 Foggia, Foggia, Italy.
Domenico MartinelliHygiene Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Policlinico Foggia Hospital, University of Foggia, Ospedale Colonnello D'Avanzo, Viale degli Aviatori 2, 71122 Foggia, Foggia, Italy.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundInfluenza can cause serious complications in individuals with chronic diseases. Although vaccination is strongly recommended for the high-risk population, uptake remains suboptimal. This retrospective cohort study assessed the relationship between demographic, clinical, and socio-economic (SE) factors and influenza vaccination uptake among high-risk patients in the Apulia region over four influenza seasons (2019-2023).

methodsData on comorbidities, vaccination history, and demographics were extracted from the User Fee Exemption Registry, the Immunization Information System, and the Total Population Register, respectively. Each geocoded case was linked to the Italian National Deprivation Index to determine SE status at the census tract level. Descriptive statistics, logistic regression, and multilevel mixed general linear models were used to analyze factors associated with vaccination uptake.

resultsVaccination coverage among people with longstanding illnesses was 35.5% in 2019-2020, peaked at 44.7% in 2020-2021, and declined thereafter (42.9% in 2021 - 2022; 40.1% in 2022 - 2023). Higher uptake was associated with female sex, older age, and a greater number of comorbidities. SE deprivation was inversely associated with vaccination uptake. Individuals with chronic renal/adrenal insufficiency, cardiovascular, or neoplastic diseases had the highest uptake. The data also suggest a potential link between marital status and the likelihood of vaccination.

conclusionsDemographic, SE, and clinical factors may play a significant role in influenza vaccination uptake. Public health strategies should consider these determinants to improve coverage and reduce health inequalities.

Indexed as

Influenza, HumanInfluenza VaccinesVaccinationVaccination CoverageAdolescentAdultAgedChildChild, PreschoolCohort StudiesFemaleHumansItalyMaleMiddle AgedRetrospective StudiesInfluenza VaccinesDeprivation indexFlu vaccinationHealth inequalitiesHigh-risk patientsVaccination coverage

Identifiers

PMID41455971
PMCPMC12853943

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.