ArticleMolecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.)2025
A SARS-CoV-2 spike-derived adjuvant peptide boosts IL-17/IFN-γ immunity and improves anti-PD-L1 therapy against melanoma.
Article in Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPD-L1 immunotherapy plays a crucial role in cancer treatment, but PD-L1 peptide vaccines have low immunogenicity. A potent peptide derived from the spike protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has a significant adjuvant effect, which may increase the immunogenicity of the PD-L1 peptide. This study evaluates whether the PD-L1-SARS peptide enhances PD-L1 immunotherapy and analyzes its potential synergistic effects with anti-PD-L1 antibodies.
methodsIn vivo experiments compared prevention, therapy, and combination therapy using PD-L1 versus PD-L1-SARS peptides in mice. Cytokine multiplex arrays, ELISpot, and IHC were used to evaluate adjuvant effects. Molecular docking (hypothesis-generating), RNA-seq, and LC-MS/MS were used to explore putative mechanisms.
resultsThe PD-L1-SARS peptide enhanced the Th1 immune response and increased CD8 and Th17 cell infiltration, effectively inhibiting tumor growth and liver metastasis. Additionally, it promoted M1 macrophage polarization and improved anti-PD-L1 antibody efficacy. Proteomics and bioinformatic analyses were consistent with IFN-γ-linked pathways, and an exploratory docking screen nominated candidate receptors/pathways potentially connecting the adjuvant motif to innate sensing.
conclusionsEmbedding a SARS-derived adjuvant-like motif within a PD-L1 peptide vaccine and delivering it in situ may re-condition the tumor microenvironment toward an immune-activating, Th1/Th17-biased state and complement PD-L1 blockade.
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