ArticleMolecular neurobiology2025
Synergistic Neuroprotection in Tauopathic Mice via Green-Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles Co-delivering Methylene Blue and Moringa oleifera.
Article in Molecular neurobiology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Therapeutic Potential ofJournal of inflammation research · 2026Review
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5 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with limited therapeutic options.Most current treatments target only a single pathogenic pathway. We developed an innovative green-synthesized silver nanoparticle formulation for the co-delivery of methylene blue (MB), a tau aggregation inhibitor, and Moringa oleifera (MO) extract, an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. Silver nanoparticles act as multifunctional carriers, improving drug stability and brain delivery, yielding the combined formulation MOMB-Ag-NPs. MOMB-Ag-NPs were synthesized and characterized using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. Homozygous P301S tau transgenic mice were assigned to four groups: saline (0.9%, i.p.), MB (4 mg/kg/day, i.p.), MO (260 mg/kg/day, oral), or MOMB-Ag-NPs (4 mg/kg/day MB equivalent, i.p.) for 60 days. In vitro GSK-3β inhibition assays and molecular docking analyses assessed mechanistic interactions. Neuroprotective efficacy was evaluated through survival, behavioral tests, immunohistochemistry, ELISA, and Western blotting. MOMB-Ag-NPs displayed spherical morphology (10-25 nm), high stability, and efficient MB encapsulation (EE 54.7%, DL 93.5%). Both MO and MB inhibited GSK-3β in vitro (IC50 = 9.41 and 65.77 µg/mL), corroborated by molecular docking. In vivo, MOMB-Ag-NPs significantly improved locomotor activity, and cognitive performance. Treated mice showed reduced astrogliosis, decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6), enhanced autophagy (LC3β), increased antioxidant defenses (SOD), and differential modulation of the AKT/GSK-3β pathway. This study provides novel evidence that a green-synthesized MB and MO nanoformulation exerts synergistic neuroprotective effects in tauopathy mice, highlighting the translational promise of multitarget strategies for AD treatment.
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