Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41455058›Full record

ArticleMedical physics2026

Design an open-access dynamic spot-scanning proton arc system controller for quantitative and comprehensive investigation of delivery efficiency.

Xiaoda Cong, Gang Liu, Peilin Liu, Lewei Zhao, Shupeng Chen, Rohan Deroniyagala, Craig Stevens, Xiangkun Xu, Xiaoqiang Li, Xuanfeng Ding

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Medical physics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Xiaoda CongDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Corewell Health William Beaumont Hospital, Michigan, Royal Oak, USA.
Gang LiuCancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
Peilin LiuDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Corewell Health William Beaumont Hospital, Michigan, Royal Oak, USA.
Lewei ZhaoDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA.
Shupeng ChenDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Rohan DeroniyagalaDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Corewell Health William Beaumont Hospital, Michigan, Royal Oak, USA.
Craig StevensDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Corewell Health William Beaumont Hospital, Michigan, Royal Oak, USA.
Xiangkun XuDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Corewell Health William Beaumont Hospital, Michigan, Royal Oak, USA.
Xiaoqiang LiDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Corewell Health William Beaumont Hospital, Michigan, Royal Oak, USA.
Xuanfeng DingDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Corewell Health William Beaumont Hospital, Michigan, Royal Oak, USA.

Funding

Develop a novel multi-approach dynamic Spot Scanning Proton Arc optimization frameworkR01CA301448 · NCI · WILLIAM BEAUMONT HOSPITAL RESEARCH INST · PI Xuanfeng Ding · 2025 to 2026
$2.2M
IBA and ElektaNCI NIH HHS R01 CA301448NIH HHS R01CA301448
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundProton arc therapy enables continuous treatment delivery while rotating the gantry. One of the key components in the proton arc system is the controller's design, which determines the irradiation sequence and gantry mechanical rotation. PURPOSE: This study aims to develop a novel and open-access proton arc system controller (controller

methodThe controller

resultThe result indicates that the significant impact of dynamic treatment delivery time comes from the buffer window setting relative to the tolerance window, in which a large buffer leads to a slower delivery process. On the other hand, the maximum acceleration and deceleration speed plays an important role in the treatment delivery efficiency if the buffer window occupies large portion of each tolerance window. Additionally, the buffer window setting also impacts the total momentum changes during the dynamic treatment delivery.

conclusionThe study introduced the first open-access controller

Indexed as

Proton TherapyEquipment DesignHumansNeoplasmsRadiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisteddelivery efficiencyproton arc therapy

Identifiers

PMID41455058
PMCPMC13296954

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.