Comprehensive Mapping of Compositional Dynamics in the Formose Reaction Network.

Hiroaki Nishijima, Hiro Tabata, Yoko Hase, Rika Miyake, Shuji Nakanishi

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

1citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

Comprehensive Mapping of Compositional Dynamics in the Formose Reaction Network.Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2026
Article

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Hiroaki NishijimaResearch Center for Solar Energy Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, The University of Osaka, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, 560-8531, Japan.

Hiro TabataResearch Center for Solar Energy Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, The University of Osaka, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, 560-8531, Japan.

Yoko HaseToyota Central R&D Labs. Inc., Yokomichi, Nagakute, Aichi, 480-1192, Japan.

Rika MiyakeResearch Center for Solar Energy Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, The University of Osaka, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, 560-8531, Japan.

Shuji NakanishiResearch Center for Solar Energy Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, The University of Osaka, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, 560-8531, Japan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3313-2689

Funding

JSPS KAKENHI 25KJ1748MEXT Project for Promoting Public Utilization of Advanced Research Infrastructure JPMXS0441200025

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

A chemical reaction network (CRN) can generate complex molecules from simple starting materials through multiple interconnected reactions. The formose reaction, which produces monosaccharides from formaldehyde (HCHO), is a prototypical non-enzymatic CRN. Although more than half of the feedstock in this reaction is converted into non-target products (products other than the target monosaccharides), traditionally referred to as "tar," the compositional evolution of these products has remained unexplored. In this study, we visualized the formose reaction's compositional landscape (target and non-target products) by applying van Krevelen (VK) diagrams and Kendrick mass defect (KMD) plots using data from high-resolution mass spectrometry, enabling comprehensive visualization of the products' composition without structural identification of individual compounds. Under NaOH catalysis, various side reactions proceeded with low selectivity, leading to a wide variety of non-target products, whereas under Ca(OH)

Indexed as

CarbohydratesChemical reaction networkFormose reactionMass spectrometrySystems chemistry

Identifiers

PMID41454698

DOI10.1002/anie.202525258

PMCPMC12910140

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata

LicenceCC BY-NC-ND

Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.