ArticleBMC genomics2025
Complete chloroplast genome of Ecklonia maxima and comparative analysis with related species.
Article in BMC genomics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundEcklonia maxima, an ecologically and economically critical brown alga, holds substantial value in social, economic, and ecological contexts. While it is garnering growing interest for its applications in aquaculture and blue carbon sequestration, its genomic characteristics remain poorly characterized, particularly those of its chloroplast (cp.) genome, including its structure, genetic variation, and adaptive mechanisms. To address this knowledge gap, we sequenced, assembled, and annotated the complete cp. genome of E. maxima to investigate its phylogenetic relationships and conduct a comparative analysis with related species within the Ecklonia genus.
resultsWe sequenced and assembled the complete cp. genome of E. maxima. The assembled genome is 130,900 bp in length and exhibits the typical quadripartite structure, consisting of a large single-copy (LSC) region of 76,991 bp, a small single-copy (SSC) region of 42,941 bp, and a pair of inverted repeat (IR) regions (each 5,484 bp). Genome annotation identified 169 genes, comprising 137 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 29 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, and 3 ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes. Non-coding sequences accounted for 25.27% of the genome. Simple sequence repeat (SSR) analysis revealed 47 SSRs, which were predominantly mononucleotide and tetranucleotide repeats with a distinct AT bias. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that E. maxima forms a well-supported sister group (96% bootstrap) to a clade containing its congeners E. radiata, E. cava, E. cava subsp. stolonifera and E. radicosa, indicating their close evolutionary relationship. Comparative genomic analysis among the six Ecklonia species (including E. maxima) showed high sequence conservation, with the IR regions being more conserved than the LSC and SSC regions. The Ka/Ks (nonsynonymous/synonymous substitution rate) analysis indicated that petF, rpl24, and syfB were under positive selection, while the majority of genes were under purifying selection. The signatures of positive selection and the high nucleotide diversity (e.g., petF, PI = 0.038) observed in these genes provide direct evidence supporting adaptive evolution to environmental fluctuations.
conclusionsThe sequencing and analysis of the complete cp. genome of E. maxima in this study provide a valuable genomic resource for future studies on species identification and for elucidating the evolutionary and phylogenetic relationships among species within the genus Ecklonia.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.