ArticleNature communications2025
Backpropagation through space, time and the brain.
Article in Nature communications, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Neuromorphic Devices and Computing for Sensing, Memory, and Control.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Spike-based alignment learning solves the weight transport problem.Nature communications · 2026Article
- 'Backpropagation and the brain' realized in cortical error neuron microcircuits.PLoS computational biology · 2026Article
- Self-Contrastive Forward-Forward algorithm.Nature communications · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
How physical neuronal networks, bound by spatio-temporal locality constraints, can perform efficient credit assignment, remains an intriguing question. Both backward- and forward-propagation algorithms rely on assumptions that violate this locality in various ways. We introduce Generalized Latent Equilibrium (GLE), a framework for fully local spatio-temporal credit assignment in physical, dynamical neuronal networks. From an energy based on neuron-local mismatches, we derive neuronal dynamics via stationarity and parameter dynamics as gradient descent. The result is an online approximation of backpropagation through space and time in deep networks of cortical microcircuits with continuously active, local synaptic plasticity. GLE exploits dendritic morphology to enable complex information storage and processing in single neurons, as well as their ability to react in anticipation of their future input. This "prospective coding" enables the computation of spatio-temporal convolutions in the forward direction and the approximation of adjoint variables in the backward stream.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.