Human cortical dynamics reflect graded contributions of local geometry and network topography.

The brain is a physically embedded and heavily interconnected system that expresses neural rhythms across multiple time scales. While these dynamics result from the complex interplay of local and inter-regional factors, the relative contribution of such mechanisms across the cortex remains unclear. Our study explores geometric, microstructural, and connectome-level constraints on cortex-wide neural activity. We leverage intracranial electroencephalography recordings to derive a coordinate system of human cortical dynamics. Using multimodal neuroimaging, we could then demonstrate that these patterns are largely explainable by geometric properties indexed by inter-regional distance. However, dynamics in transmodal association regions are additionally explainable by incorporation of inter-regional microstructural similarity and connectivity information. Our findings are generally consistent when cross-referencing electroencephalography and imaging data from large-scale atlases and when using data obtained in the same individuals, suggesting subject-specificity and population-level generalizability. Together, our results suggest that the relative contribution of local and macroscale constraints on cortical dynamics varies systematically across the cortical sheet, specifically highlighting the role of transmodal networks in inter-regional cortical coordination.