Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41453738›Full record

ArticleAmerican journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons2026

Gene-edited pig cardiac xenotransplantation as a bridge to allotransplantation in infants: Progress in a pig-to-baboon model.

John D Cleveland, Chace B Mitchell, William Swicord, Sarah J Neal, Clementine Vo, Kanwarpal Bakshi, Julie Juliani, Julie Fenske, Melissa De La Garza, Carolyn L Hodo and 11 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

21 authors.

John D ClevelandDivision of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA. Electronic address: jcleveland@chla.usc.edu.
Chace B MitchellDivision of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.
William SwicordDivision of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Sarah J NealMichale E Keeling Center, Deparment of Comparative Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, TX, USA.
Clementine VoDivision of Pediatric Cardiac Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesia Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Kanwarpal BakshiDivision of Pediatric Cardiac Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesia Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Julie JulianiDivision of Cardiac Perfusion, Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Julie FenskeDivision of Cardiac Perfusion, Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Melissa De La GarzaMichale E Keeling Center, Deparment of Comparative Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, TX, USA.
Carolyn L HodoMichale E Keeling Center, Deparment of Comparative Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, TX, USA.
Sriram ChittaMichale E Keeling Center, Deparment of Comparative Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, TX, USA.
Kristen GetchelleGenesis Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Isabela MorenoeGenesis Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Vincent YeungeGenesis Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Susan LoweGenesis Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Steve PerrinEledon Pharmaceuticals, Irvine, California, USA.
Eliezer KatzEledon Pharmaceuticals, Irvine, California, USA.
Molly WeisertDivision of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.
David K C CooperCenter for Transplantation Sciences, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Joe SimmonsMichale E Keeling Center, Deparment of Comparative Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, TX, USA.
David C ClevelandDivision of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.

Funding

Specific Pathogen Free Baboon Research Resource (SPFBRR) - Bridge Funding Administrative SupplementP40OD024628 · OD · UNIVERSITY OF TX MD ANDERSON CAN CTR · PI Joe H. Simmons · 2017 to 2026
$15.7M
The genetically engineered pig heart as a bridge to allotransplantation in infantsR33HL163718 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI CLEVELAND, DAVID C · 2022 to 2023
$990k
NHLBI NIH HHS R33 HL163718NIH HHS P40 OD024628
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Gene-edited pig hearts may have an application for critically ill infants who are poor candidates for mechanical support. We established a pediatric animal model of gene-edited pig orthotopic cardiac xenotransplantation (OCXT) in baboons to assess its potential as a bridge to allotransplantation. Fifteen OCXTs were performed from genetically-engineered infantile pigs into size-matched baboons. Maintenance immunosuppression was founded on CD40/CD154 costimulation pathway blockade and rapamycin. After being sustained by xenografts for >4 months, 3 xenograft recipients were selected for transition to cardiac allotransplantation. Outcomes were tracked by invasive hemodynamic monitoring, surface echocardiography, and serial blood tests. After OCXT, 8 of 15 (53%) baboons achieved survival of >1 month, with 6 surviving for >3 months. Mortality was more common early in the study, followed by longer and more uniform survival later. The longest survivor lived >24 months postxenotransplantation. There has been no evidence of significant xeno- or allo-sensitization during xenograft support. The aims of these studies were (1) to demonstrate that a gene-edited pig heart can confer months-long survival in pediatric-sized recipient baboons, and (2) to determine whether prolonged xenograft exposure does not preclude subsequent allotransplantation. Our data suggest that these aims may be achievable and warrant further study.

Indexed as

Gene EditingGraft RejectionHeart TransplantationTransplantation, HeterologousAnimalsAnimals, Genetically ModifiedDisease Models, AnimalFemaleGraft SurvivalHeterograftsHumansMalePapioPrognosisSwineallotransplantationbaboonbridginggene-editedheartinfantspigxenotransplantation

Identifiers

PMID41453738
PMCPMC12935157

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.