SynthesisThe oncologist2026
Immunotherapy rechallenge in metastatic renal cell carcinoma: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.
Synthesis in The oncologist, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionThe rapid integration of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) based combination therapies in first-line treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) is raising questions about next-line treatments and outcomes of ICI rechallenge.
methodsWe performed a meta-analysis using the results from the phase-III RCTs, CONTACT-03 and TiNivo-2, to evaluate the effect of adding a PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor rechallenge to a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) vs a VEGF TKI alone in patients with mRCC who had progressed on ICI based combination therapy or ICI monotherapy.
resultsA total of 865 patients with mRCC were included in this meta-analysis. The meta-analysis showed no difference in progression free survival between ICI plus VEFG TKI combination and TKI monotherapy groups (HR = 0.96, 95% CI, 0.76-1.21; P = .75) in patients previously progressing on ICI. Furthermore, adding ICI to anti-VEGF TKI therapy was not associated with improve overall survival (HR = 1.06, 95% CI, 0.89-1.25; P = .52).
conclusionIn summary, PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor rechallenge with a VEGF TKI in mRCC does not improve survival outcomes and should not be used in patients with prior progression to ICI. Understanding both intrinsic and acquired resistance mechanisms to ICI therapy is crucial for developing effective initial and sequential immunotherapy strategies in RCC.
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