ArticleJournal of interventional cardiac electrophysiology : an international journal of arrhythmias and pacing2026
Optimizing electrode spacing of a pentaspline pulsed field ablation catheter for high-precision 3D mapping.
Article in Journal of interventional cardiac electrophysiology : an international journal of arrhythmias and pacing, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundPulsed field ablation (PFA) is emerging as a nonthermal and myocardium-selective therapy for atrial fibrillation. Integration of the FARAWAVE™ catheter with the EnSite™ X three-dimensional electroanatomical mapping (3D-EAM) system remains in development, and the optimal display style, interelectrode spacing, and field scaling (FS) settings have not been established.
objectiveTo determine the optimal visualization configuration of the FARAWAVE™ catheter for achieving high geometric accuracy in 3D mapping.
methodsWe retrospectively analyzed 25 patients with atrial fibrillation who underwent PFA using the FARAWAVE™ pentaspline catheter visualized on the EnSite™ X system. Four configurations were tested: Medusa style (2.5 mm) and Garland styles (1-17-1 mm, 1-12-1 mm, and 1-11-1 mm). CT-derived left atrial anatomies were compared with electroanatomical reconstructions using ten concordance metrics (six distances and four angles). Accuracy was assessed with mean absolute error (MAE), Scale Score, Angle Score, and Shape Similarity.
resultsDistance-based MAE differed significantly among configurations (p < 0.05). The Garland 1-11-1 mm + FS setting achieved the lowest MAE (4.3-12.4 mm), while Garland 1-17-1 mm had the highest (8.5-28.4 mm). Scale Score also varied significantly (p < 0.001), whereas Angle Score and Shape Similarity were comparable across configurations.
conclusionThe Garland 1-11-1 mm configuration with Field Scaling provided the most accurate geometric concordance with CT anatomy. Optimized catheter display and FS correction can improve mapping fidelity and procedural safety in pulsed field ablation.
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