ArticlePsychopharmacology2025
Prefrontal hypoactivity correlates with immediate extinction deficit following Pavlovian fear conditioning with a chasing threat.
Article in Psychopharmacology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
rationaleThe Immediate Extinction Deficit (IED) refers to impaired extinction consolidation when training occurs shortly after Pavlovian fear conditioning. Although IED has been extensively studied using footshock, it remains unclear whether similar deficits arise when more naturalistic threats are used as the unconditioned stimulus (US). Clarifying IED under such conditions is crucial for developing ecologically valid models of trauma.
objectivesThis study examined whether IED occurs following fear conditioning with a predator-like chasing robot and investigated infralimbic (IL) prefrontal cortex activity as a neural correlate of IED using fiber photometry.
resultsIn Experiment 1, Male Sprague-Dawley rats subjected to immediate extinction (15-min interval) exhibited higher freezing and emitted more 22-kHz ultrasonic vocalizations than those receiving delayed extinction (24-hr interval), replicating the IED phenomenon previously observed with footshock. The delayed group showed successful extinction and context-dependent renewal. In Experiment 2, calcium imaging revealed significantly reduced IL activity in the immediate extinction group during extinction, retention, and renewal, consistent with impaired fear suppression.
conclusionsThese findings extend IED to the circumstances involving naturalistic threat and reveal its association with prefrontal hypoactivity. The results illustrate the importance of extinction timing and neural state in optimizing behavioral interventions for trauma-related disorders.
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