ReviewNanomedicine (London, England)2026
The role of immunomodulatory nano systems in the treatment of sepsis: past, present, and future.
Review in Nanomedicine (London, England), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Pathological Signal-Responsive Nanoplatforms for Sepsis: Integrating Biomarker Sensing With Spatiotemporal Drug Delivery and Immunomodulation.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- The central role of mitochondrial pathology in sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy: from molecular mechanisms to clinical translation.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
- Artificial intelligence-enabled cross-scale integration of traditional Chinese medicine and biomedicine for sepsis: from mechanisms to delivery.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Crosstalk between innate immune signaling pathways and integrated TLR, NLRP3 inflammasome, cGAS-STING, and NF-κB networks in sepsis.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening condition caused by a dysregulated host response to infection and remains a leading cause of death in intensive care units. Although antimicrobials and supportive care are vital, patient outcomes are hindered by two conflicting immune states: excessive inflammation and immune paralysis, both contributing to organ failure. Immunomodulatory nanotechnology provides a means to target both aspects of this immune response. Early nanocarriers improved the pharmacokinetics of antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs, while modern nanoplatforms enhance this approach with biomimetic coatings, toxin nanosponges, and extracellular vesicles. These tools neutralize Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), modulate Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling, and reprogram macrophages with spatial and stimulus control. New nanodrugs combine pathway modulation with co-delivery of antimicrobials, and theranostic designs enable treatment tailored to real-time biological data. This review traces the evolution of nanomedicine for sepsis, discussing early advances, current therapies, and future innovations that may hasten clinical application. Literature for this review were searched for through PubMed and Google Scholar (2000-November 2025).
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.