Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41452032›Full record

ArticleClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2026

Guidance on the Management of Asymptomatic Blood Donors Who Test Positive for Babesia.

Evan M Bloch, Jeremy W Jacobs, Edouard Vannier, Gary P Wormser, Jeffrey A Gelfand, Vijay K Sikand, Howard M Heller, Sunil K Sood, Laura Kirkman, Jennie E Johnson and 10 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

20 authors.

Evan M BlochDepartment of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-8181-9517
Jeremy W JacobsDepartment of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-5719-9685
Edouard VannierDivision of Geographic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-6654-9053
Gary P WormserDivision of Infectious Diseases, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA.
Jeffrey A GelfandDivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Vijay K SikandDepartment of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Howard M HellerDivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-2776-6829
Sunil K SoodNorthwell Cohen Children's, Infectious Diseases, Zucker School of Medicine, New Hyde Park, New York, USA.
Laura KirkmanDepartment of Microbiology & Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-4085-5540
Jennie E JohnsonDivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-9174-3533
Luis A MarcosDepartment of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-3589-0432
Jacob E LemieuxDivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Robert P SmithMaine Medical Center, Maine Health Institute for Research, Scarborough, Maine, USA.
Ann E WoolleyDepartment of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Whitney A PerryDivision of Geographic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-7890-227X
Philip M PolgreenDepartment of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-0630-5898
Susan E BeekmannDepartment of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
David J SullivanDepartments of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-0319-0578
Paul G AuwaerterSherrilyn and Ken Fisher Center for Environmental Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-8273-9057
Peter J KrauseDepartment of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-3498-9454

Funding

The Malaria Transfusion Risk (MATRix) StudyK23HL151826 · NHLBI · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI BLOCH, EVAN MARTIN · 2020 to 2024
$882k
CDC HHS NU50CK000574Gordon and Llura Gund FoundationKen and Sherrilyn Fisher Center for Environmental Infectious DiseasesLlura A. Gund Laboratory for Vector borne Disease ResearchNCPDCID CDC HHS U50 CI000358NHLBI NIH HHS K23 HL151826
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundRegional blood donor screening for Babesia has been conducted in the United States since 2019, using highly sensitive and specific nucleic acid testing (NAT). Currently, there are no recommendations regarding the management of asymptomatic blood donors who test positive for Babesia.

methodsA multidisciplinary expert panel was convened to develop guidance for the management of asymptomatic Babesia-infected blood donors. Additionally, a survey was distributed through the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) Emerging Infections Network (EIN) to evaluate how a geographically diverse group of infectious diseases specialists would approach this problem.

resultsThe expert panel recommends that all Babesia NAT-positive blood donors should be referred for clinical evaluation and retesting using peripheral blood smear (PBS) and Babesia PCR. The panel also recommends observation rather than treatment for a reactive molecular test alone. Antimicrobial therapy should be considered for PBS-positive cases. Donors should be instructed to seek medical care if symptoms develop. The EIN survey results are consistent with these recommendations.

conclusionsSince blood donors comprise healthy, immunocompetent adults, findings of incidental Babesia infections in asymptomatic donors are frequently self-limited. Longitudinal studies show that molecular evidence of infection in blood donors clears in almost all without intervention.

Indexed as

Asymptomatic InfectionsBabesiaBabesiosisBlood DonorsBlood DonationHumansMass ScreeningUnited StatesBabesia; blood donors; screening; babesiosis; guideline

Identifiers

PMID41452032
PMCPMC12831819

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.