ReviewPublic health nutrition2025
How food regulations help or hinder the implementation of policies to promote healthy population diets: a review of food regulations in the Western Pacific Region.
Review in Public health nutrition, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
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Abstract
objectiveGovernments are seeking to regulate food environments to promote health by restricting sales and marketing of processed foods high in fat, sugar and sodium. We aimed to evaluate whether the legal instruments in member states of the Western Pacific Region (WPR) mandate the declaration of nutrient composition for nutrients of concern in relation to Codex Alimentarius and non-communicable disease (NCD) prevention.
designWe undertook content analysis of legal instruments governing food quality and safety, documenting mandates for nutrient declarations in the WPR. Legal instruments were purposefully sourced through a systematic search of regional legal databases and Google. We performed qualitative and quantitative analysis, using an adapted version of Reeve and Magnusson's Framework for Analysing and Improving the Performance of Regulatory Instruments.
settingLegal instruments governing food quality and safety in twenty-eight member states of the WPR.
resultsThere was substantial variation in the nutrient declaration mandates within legal instruments, with only three out of twenty-eight countries mandating nutrient declarations in full alignment with Codex recommendations (energy, protein, available carbohydrate, fat, saturated fat, sodium and total sugars). Just four countries mandated the display of sodium, sugar, saturated fat and trans-fats, in line with NCD prevention recommendations. Sodium labelling was mandated in ten countries, sugar in seven and saturated fat in six.
conclusionsThere is scope for countries to strengthen legal instruments for nutrient declarations to better support diet-related NCD prevention efforts. Regional support agencies can play a key role in promoting greater policy coherence and alignment with international best practice.
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