Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41451449›Full record

ArticleAdvanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)2026

Perspective: OLED Displays Singing with the Blues.

Stephen R Forrest, Claire Arneson, Haonan Zhao

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Perspective: OLED Displays Singing with the Blues.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Stephen R ForrestDepartment of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0131-1903
Claire ArnesonDepartment of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Haonan ZhaoDepartment of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.

Funding

U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy DE-EE0009688
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

While blue pixels consume approximately 50% of the energy of organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display front planes, in the 25 years since their invention, 100% internal efficiency phosphorescent OLEDs (PHOLEDs) have not met the stability standards necessary for their adoption. In this perspective, we discuss the significant progress and challenges encountered during this long journey of exploration and discovery. Today, using a combination of solutions including robust molecular design, graded doping of the emission layer, increasing the optical density of states to decrease the triplet radiative lifetime, and employing light outcoupling schemes, deep blue PHOLEDs are now achieving lifetimes approaching those of their green analogs. This perspective elaborates on the challenges and opportunities confronting further development of triplet-controlled emitters, including PHOLEDs using heavy-metal phosphors and thermally activated delayed fluorescent OLEDs. We also address some persistent problems commonly found in the literature concerning the measurement of quantum efficiency and operational lifetime.

Indexed as

exciton annihilationMarcus theoryPHOLEDPurcell effectTADF

Identifiers

PMID41451449
PMCPMC12910534

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.