ReviewJournal of pain research2025
Effectiveness of Non-Pharmacological Interventions for Pain Management After Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.
Review in Journal of pain research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Opioid-sparing and opioid-free anaesthesia: concepts, rationale, evidence, and practical implications.Anaesthesiology intensive therapy · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Although non-pharmacological interventions are widely utilized for postoperative pain management, their comparative effectiveness remains unclear. This network meta-analysis (NMA) aimed to comprehensively evaluate the effects of various non-pharmacological interventions on postoperative pain and anxiety after LC, and to identify the optimal intervention through ranking analysis. Methods: A literature search was executed to identify relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that investigated non-pharmacological interventions for alleviating pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). This search encompassed the electronic databases PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Library, with the coverage spanning from the inception of each database to January 2025. Two independent reviewers performed literature search, study selection, quality assessment, and data extraction. The Cochrane Risk of Bias 2.0 tool was employed for bias assessment. A Bayesian NMA was conducted, with surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) values used to rank intervention effectiveness. Results: The review identified 15 types of non-pharmacological interventions. The most common among these were acupressure (n=5), massage (n=4), and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS, n=2). The NMA demonstrated that ear acupressure, aromatherapy, and foot baths ranked as the top three interventions for alleviating postoperative pain after LC. Compared with standard care, all three interventions significantly improved pain scores: ear acupressure (standardized mean difference [SMD] = -3.61, 95% credible interval [CrI] -5.71 to -1.50), essential oil therapy (SMD = -2.59, 95% CrI -4.93 to -0.27), and foot baths (SMD = -2.42, 95% CrI -4.67 to -0.19). SUCRA rankings revealed ear acupressure (93.93%) as the most effective intervention, followed by essential oil therapy (80.97%) and foot baths (78.46%). None of the evaluated non-pharmacological interventions demonstrated statistically significant effects on anxiety reduction. Conclusion: Multiple non-pharmacological interventions can effectively alleviate postoperative pain after LC. However, none of the evaluated interventions produced statistically significant reductions in postoperative anxiety.
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Registered trials
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