ArticleAesthetic surgery journal. Open forum2025
An Analysis of the Factors Influencing Forehead Soft-Tissue Thickness: An Ultrasound Study.
Article in Aesthetic surgery journal. Open forum, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- The Neuromuscular Junction Distribution in the Upper Face: An Anatomy-to-Practice Review to Inform Botulinum Toxin Type A Treatment Planning.Journal of cosmetic dermatology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: A detailed understanding of the anatomy of the soft tissue layers of the forehead can help guide clinical treatment, but to date there is a lack of large-scale and comprehensive research in this area. Objectives: The aim of the authors of this study is to evaluate the effects of age, gender, BMI, and other factors on the thickness of the soft tissue layers of the forehead. Methods: A total of 238 volunteers were examined using ultrasonography, and the thickness of each forehead layer was measured. The effects of age, gender, BMI, and region on the thickness of each layer of the forehead were statistically analyzed using an analysis of variance. Results: In men, the thickness of the skin, superficial subcutaneous tissue (SST), and frontalis muscle were significantly greater than those in women (skin: 0.95 vs 0.73 mm; SST: 0.75 vs 0.67 mm; frontalis muscle: 0.35 vs 0.25 mm), whereas the thickness of the deep subcutaneous tissue (DST) was significantly thicker in women than in men (1.26 vs 1.42 mm). An increased BMI was associated with increased thickness of the skin, SST, and DST. In addition, as age increases, the thickness of SST also increases. Conclusions: Factors, such as gender, age, BMI, and the left vs right sides, all affect the thickness of each forehead tissue layer. These findings can provide a treatment reference for the forehead region. Level of Evidence 3 Therapeutic:
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