ArticleFrontiers in medicine2025
Clinical and prognostic significance of various anemia types in pulmonary arterial hypertension.
Article in Frontiers in medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Introduction: Current risk models for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) omit anemia, although it may aggravate symptoms and haemodynamics. We assessed whether anemia and its subtypes add prognostic value. Methods: This study included patients with idiopathic (IPAH) or connective tissue disease-associated PAH (CTD-PAH). Anemia was classified per WHO criteria into four subtypes: anemia of chronic disease (ACD), iron deficiency anemia (IDA), ACD/IDA overlap, and multifactorial anemia. Risk stratification followed the ESC 2022 guidelines and was reassessed after 12 months. Results: Among 127 patients (78.7% IPAH, 21.3% CTD-PAH) anemia was present in 22 patients (17.3%), including ACD (31.8%), ACD/IDA overlap (27.3%), and multifactorial anemia (40.9%). Patients with anemia had higher baseline risk strata, worse functional status, elevated NT-proBNP levels ( Conclusion: Anemia, particularly ACD and ACD/IDA, independently predicts a lower probability of achieving therapeutic goals within 12 months and is associated with higher long-term mortality, even after adjustment for the ESC/ERS 2022 recommended risk stratification.
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