Behind Closed Smiles: Understanding Oral Hygiene Practices and Treatment Seeking Behaviour among Irula Tribal Population, Tamil Nadu -Qualitative Study.

Background: India, with its growing population and demographic changes, confronts substantial problems in addressing oral health inequities, particularly among the tribal population's older adults aged 60 and above. The purpose of this study is to explore oral hygiene practices and dental treatment-seeking behavior among older members of the Irula tribal people in Tamil Nadu. Methods: A total of fifty-six participants aged 60 and above were interviewed, revealing diverse oral hygiene practices including the use of traditional remedies and limited access to professional dental care. A convenient sampling technique was employed to recruit the study participants set of 7 Focus Group Discussions was made, with 8 in each group. The samples were conveniently chosen after checking for their eligibility criteria. Results: Older adults of the Irula tribal population primarily rely on toothbrushes, neem twigs, or traditional remedies like charcoal for oral hygiene. Common dental issues include gum bleeding and caries. Many have limited awareness of oral cancer risks. Participants often relied on self-medication for dental pain due to barriers such as cost and accessibility to healthcare facilities. Many older adults suffer in silence due to the rural locations of these villages and a paucity of dental services. Conclusion: The results highlight the need for oral health programs to tribal cultural beliefs and socioeconomic constraints, requiring collaboration among public health agencies, tribal governments, and healthcare providers. Incorporating traditional knowledge, enhancing accessibility, and fostering community outreach can achieve long-term oral health improvements and overall well-being in tribal communities.