ArticleFrontiers in nutrition2025
Epidemiological trends and disparities in iodine, vitamin A, and iron deficiencies among children aged 0-14 years globally, 1990-2021.
Article in Frontiers in nutrition, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Thyroid disease burden among individuals aged 0-19 years in low-SDI countries, 1990-2035: a systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023.Translational pediatrics · 2026Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Nutritional deficiencies in iodine, vitamin A, and iron remain major public health challenges for children under 15 years, impairing growth, cognitive development, and long-term health outcomes. Despite global interventions, disparities persist across socioeconomic strata. This study evaluates trends, regional variations, and sociodemographic correlates of these deficiencies from 1990 to 2021. Methods: Data from the Global Burden of Disease 2021 database were analyzed for 204 countries, focusing on children aged 0-14 years. Age-standardized incidence rate, DALYs, and SDI correlations were assessed using Expected Annual Percentage Change (EAPC) and Bayesian age-period-cohort models to project trends to 2050. Results: From 1990 to 2021, iodine deficiency incidence rate declined by 92.9% (EAPC: -0.04), with DALY rates dropping 98.7%. Vitamin A deficiency incidence rate decreased by 94.9% (EAPC: -2.02), while DALY rates fell 92.8%. Dietary iron deficiency DALY rates remained stable (EAPC: 0.53). Low SDI regions exhibited 7.3 × higher iodine and 151 × higher vitamin A deficiency DALY rates than high SDI regions. Projections indicate sustained declines for iodine and vitamin A deficiencies but stagnation in iron deficiency, particularly in conflict-affected areas. Conclusion: While iodine and vitamin A deficiencies have significantly reduced globally, dietary iron deficiency persists in low SDI regions. Tailored interventions, including fortification programs and health system strengthening, are critical to addressing inequities and achieving global nutrition targets.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.