ArticleFrontiers in public health2025
Global, regional, and national burden of ischemic heart disease attributable to environmental risk factors from 1990 to 2021: a systematic analysis based on the 2021 global burden of disease study.
Article in Frontiers in public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Ischemic heart disease (IHD) attributable to environmental factors is a global public health challenge. This study assesses the global burden of IHD due to environmental factors from 1990 to 2021 using Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 data and projects trends to 2051. Methods: Data on the mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) rates of IHD attributable to environmental factors were extracted from GBD 2021. The age-period-cohort (APC) model was employed to assess the independent effects of age, period, and cohort on the burden of IHD related to environmental factors. Additionally, the Bayesian age-period-cohort (BAPC) model was utilized to project future trends in the disease burden of IHD through 2051. Results: In 2021, age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) and age-standardized DALYs rate (ASDR) for IHD due to environmental factors were 39.70 (95% UI: 30.74, 47.81) and 827.52 (95% UI: 648.13, 987.15) per 100,000 population, respectively. Socio-demographic Index (SDI) was negatively correlated with ASMR and ASDR. APC analysis showed declining trends, while BAPC predicts ASMR and ASDR will decline by 53.67 (95% UI: 11.48, 95.86) and 986.76 (95% UI: 291.27, 1682.25) per 100,000 population by 2051. Conclusion: The number of mortality and DALYs associated with IHD due to environmental factors has exhibited an increasing trend globally. However, projections suggest a general decline in the ASMR and ASDR of IHD burden attributable to environmental factors by 2050. Ambient particulate matter and household air pollution are the predominant contributors to the global IHD burden.
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