ArticleJournal of oral rehabilitation2026
Daytime Sleepiness and Dispositional Optimism Are Related to Awake Bruxism Among Patients With Painful Temporomandibular Disorders.
Article in Journal of oral rehabilitation, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
objectiveAwake bruxism (AB) is a multifactorial condition that has been linked to several physiological and psychological factors. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential association between AB-related behaviours, daytime sleepiness, and dispositional optimism.
methodsA cross-sectional study was conducted at the Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA). Participants with pain-related temporomandibular disorders (TMD) that worsened with function were included. The survey comprised subjective assessment of the frequency of AB-related oral behaviours (items adopted from the Standardised Tool for the Assessment of Bruxism, STAB), anxiety and depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-4, PHQ-4), daytime sleepiness (Epworth Sleepiness Scale, ESS), and dispositional optimism (Revised Life Orientation Scale, LOT-R). Spearman's rank correlation and Mann-Whitney U tests were used for bivariate analysis. Ordinal logistic regression was conducted to determine the associations between AB behaviours, ESS and LOT-R while controlling for age, sex, smoking status, anxiety and depression.
resultsA total of 1661 patients were included, with a mean age of 42 years, of whom 77.6% were women and 84.2% were nonsmokers. Bivariate analyses showed significant associations between the frequency of AB-related oral behaviours, ESS and LOT-R. In the regression models, daytime sleepiness was found to be associated with increased frequency of teeth grinding, clenching and contact, but not with mandible bracing. Dispositional optimism was associated with a lower frequency of teeth grinding. Although statistically significant, the observed associations reflected small effect sizes.
conclusionThis study demonstrates an association, albeit with a small effect size, between the frequency of certain self-reported AB behaviours and both daytime sleepiness and dispositional optimism. These findings suggest that, while these factors may play a modest role, they deserve consideration as potential contributors to the report of AB.
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