ArticleBMC infectious diseases2025
Trends in the global and Chinese burden of rabies from 1990 to 2021 and forecasted to 2040: evidence from the Global Burden of Disease study 2021.
Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Clinic-based characteristics of animal-related injury presentations in Hangzhou, China: a 10-year retrospective analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThis study analyzed global rabies burden and trends from 1990 to 2021, offering epidemiological insights worldwide by using the Global Burden of Diseases (GBD), Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2021 database.
methodsWe obtained all relevant data on rabies worldwide from the GBD database from 1990 to 2021, including incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), were analyzed by gender, age, sociodemographic index (SDI), and region using the GBD 2021 data. Trends were assessed with average annual percentage change (AAPC), and future trends were predicted using a Bayesian age-period-cohort (BAPC) model.
resultsFrom 1990 to 2021, global rabies incidence and age-standardised incidence rates (ASIR) decreased by 53.8% and 69.4%, respectively. Mortality and DALYs also declined by 50.2% and 54.5%. The most significant declines were observed between 2007 and 2010, particularly in low SDI regions, with AAPC for incidence, mortality, and DALYs ASRs at - 3.983%, - 3.929%, and - 3.97%, respectively. South Asia had the highest incidence in 2021, while Central Latin America saw a 99.9% decrease in ASIR. Nepal had the highest ASIR in both 1990 and 2021, though it significantly declined over time. In China, significant reductions in rabies burden occurred post-2005, with consistently higher rates in men.
conclusionsThe study emphasizes the importance of targeted interventions and addressing regional disparities to reduce the global rabies burden.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.