Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41449275›Full record

SynthesisClinical oral investigations2025

Bioactive inorganic materials in dental resin infiltrants: a systematic and critical review of their effects on infiltrant properties and tooth surfaces.

Abdullah Essa Aldarisi, Nourah Barrak Alsudairi, Leen Saleh Almutairi, Raand Abdulmohsen Altayyar, Shakil Ahmad, Danish Muzaffar, Abdul Samad Khan

Abstract readSystematic Review
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Clinical oral investigations, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Abdullah Essa AldarisiCollege of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia.
Nourah Barrak AlsudairiCollege of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia.
Leen Saleh AlmutairiCollege of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia.
Raand Abdulmohsen AltayyarCollege of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia.
Shakil AhmadDirectorate of Library Affairs, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia.
Danish MuzaffarFaculty of Dentistry, SEGi University, Petaling Jaya, 47820, Malaysia.
Abdul Samad KhanDepartment of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia. akhan@iau.edu.sa.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveThis review aimed to assess the effects of incorporating bioactive inorganic materials into resin infiltrants for the treatment of early enamel lesions and to investigate how these materials affect the properties of the enamel surface.

methodsA structured search was conducted up to December 2024 using the Web of Science, Medline, Scopus, PubMed, Dimensions, and OpenAlex databases. Only in vitro studies, in which resin infiltrants were combined with bioactive materials, such as hydroxyapatite, bioactive glass, amorphous calcium phosphate, and tricalcium phosphate, were included. Studies were selected according to predefined eligibility criteria, and risk of bias was assessed using the RoBvis 2.0 tool.

resultsA total of 1054 articles were screened, 21 studies were assessed for full text, and 18 studies fulfilled the criteria. Bioactive glass (55.55%) and hydroxyapatite (55.55%) were the most commonly investigated additives, exhibiting favorable effects on remineralization and enamel surface properties (n = 13). Bioactive materials were incorporated into commercial ICON® (n = 6) and in experimental resin infiltrants (n = 12). The most frequently reported analyses were surface microhardness (n = 12), surface roughness (n = 8), degree of conversion (n = 8), and color stability (n = 6). Only three studies showed a low risk of bias, and 15 studies exhibited a moderate risk of bias.

conclusionsThe literature revealed that researchers have considered the utilization of bioactive inorganic materials in resin infiltrants to treat white spot lesions. However, due to variations in methodology, materials, and testing conditions, comparisons across studies remain limited. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Bioactive resin infiltrants exhibit therapeutic potential by penetrating and occluding microporosities in demineralized enamel, thereby arresting non-cavitated carious lesions, promoting remineralization, and inhibiting bacterial activity. Clinically, these functions may enhance long-term lesion control, reduce the need for restorative interventions, and facilitate a tissue-preserving approach in caries management.

Indexed as

Composite ResinsDental EnamelResins, SyntheticCalcium PhosphatesDurapatiteGlassHumansSurface PropertiesTooth Remineralizationamorphous calcium phosphateCalcium PhosphatesComposite ResinsDurapatiteicon infiltrantResins, Synthetictricalcium phosphateBioactive glassCalcium phosphateEnamelHydroxyapatiteRemineralizationResin infiltrants

Identifiers

PMID41449275

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.