ArticleBMJ open2025
Tobacco-free cities: a qualitative evaluation of the tobacco control programmes in Chinese cities, 2009-2018.
Article in BMJ open, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveDuring 2009-2018, the Emory Global Health Institute conducted the Tobacco-Free Cities (TFC) programme in 22 cities in mainland China. This study aims to assess the sustained impact of the TFC programme.
designA qualitative study using semi-structured interviews was adopted, which focused on the leadership and capacity building, city-level smoke-free policies, tobacco control activities, outcomes of tobacco control, sustainability post TFC programme and the accomplishments of tobacco control. The thematic analysis was employed for qualitative data analysis.
settingOnline in-depth personal interviews.
participantsThis qualitative study recruited 17 participants from 10 cities which participated in the TFC programme (five with comprehensive and five with partial smoke-free policies). Interview participants included TFC programme leaders, TFC staff and current tobacco control staff.
resultsFirst, TFC members reported enhanced competencies in smoke-free policy effort and leadership. Five cities with comprehensive smoke-free policies had a high degree of public support, while cities with partial bans faced barriers such as lack of leadership support and experiencing tobacco industry influence. Tobacco control activities, including media campaigns, policy enforcement, cessation programmes and monitoring activities, were sustained in almost all cities. Enhancement in smoke-free social norms, decrease in smoking rate and second-hand smoking exposure were perceived. Challenges to sustainability included reduced financial and personnel resources and weakened policy enforcement.
conclusionsThe TFC programme was regarded by participants as an effective model that provided the necessary training and technical support to develop and enforce effective and sustainable tobacco control policies and initiatives at the city level in China. Future tobacco control training should focus more on developing concrete solutions for sustainability challenges.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.