ArticleJournal of esthetic and restorative dentistry : official publication of the American Academy of Esthetic Dentistry ... [et al.]2026
The Effect of Preheating, Resin-Based Composite, and Wire Types of Orthodontic Lingual Fixed Retainers on the Load at Failure: A Comparative In-Vitro Study.
Article in Journal of esthetic and restorative dentistry : official publication of the American Academy of Esthetic Dentistry ... [et al.], 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundPreheating resin-based composites (RBC) has been shown to enhance their mechanical and bonding properties. Nevertheless, the effect of preheating RBCs on the performance of orthodontic lingual fixed retainers has been scarcely reported.
objectivesThe aim of this in vitro study was to investigate the effect of preheating flowable RBCs and the types of RBC and wire on the load at failure.
methodsA total of 64 blocks of resin-embedded pairs of lower incisors were divided into four groups according to RBC/wire types (Tetric N-Flow Bulk Fil restorative (TNF) vs. Transbond LR orthodontic (TRL) composites/Bond-A-Braid braided (B) vs. Ortho-Flex-Tech flexible (O) retainer wires). Each group was then subdivided into room temperature at 25°C (RT) and preheated temperature at 50°C (H) subgroups (N = 16, n = 8). After bonding the wires, the test blocks were subjected to load-to-failure testing, and the maximum load was recorded (Lmax). Statistical analysis using 3-way ANOVA with point-biserial correlations was completed (p < 0.05).
resultsTemperature significantly increased L
conclusionThe study shows preheating RBCs improves their load capacity, reducing lingual retainer adhesive debonding. Therefore, preheating flowable RBCs is effective for retention. Future research should explore different preheating temperatures and long-term outcome conditions.
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