Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41446532›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in public health2025

Premenstrual symptoms and associated factors in female students in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study.

Vanitha Innocent Rani, Akshaya Saikannan, Abeer S Aseeri, Eman Baleegh Meawad Elsayed, Gehan El Nabawy Ahmed Moawad, Rasha Gamal Ahmed Abdelgawwad, Amutha Chellathurai, Kamaldeen Nasrin Nisha, Mona M Abd El-Maksoud, Safaa Ibrahem Shattla and 1 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Vanitha Innocent RaniDepartment of Community and Psychiatric Nursing, Nursing College, King Khalid University, Muhayil Asir, Saudi Arabia.
Akshaya SaikannanDepartment of Anatomy, Vinayaka Mission's Medical College and Hospital, Vinayaka Mission Research Foundation (DU), Karaikal, Puducherry, India.
Abeer S AseeriDepartment of Adult Care and Advanced Nursing, Nursing College, King Khalid University, Muhayil Asir, Saudi Arabia.
Eman Baleegh Meawad ElsayedDepartment of Community and Psychiatric Nursing, Nursing College, King Khalid University, Muhayil Asir, Saudi Arabia.
Gehan El Nabawy Ahmed MoawadDepartment of Maternity and Child Nursing, Nursing College, King Khalid University, Muhayil Asir, Saudi Arabia.
Rasha Gamal Ahmed AbdelgawwadDepartment of Maternity and Child Nursing, Nursing College, King Khalid University, Muhayil Asir, Saudi Arabia.
Amutha ChellathuraiDepartment of Maternity and Child Nursing, Nursing College, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.
Kamaldeen Nasrin NishaCollege of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Muhayil, Saudi Arabia.
Mona M Abd El-MaksoudDepartment of Community Health Nursing, Nursing College, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.
Safaa Ibrahem ShattlaDepartment of Community and Psychiatric Nursing, College of Nursing, Khamis Mushait, Saudi Arabia.
Francis Moses RajappaSt. Xavier College of Nursing, Kumbakonam, Tamilnadu, India.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a common condition affecting the physical, psychological, and behavioral health of reproductive-aged women. This study aimed to assess the association between sociodemographic and menstrual characteristics and the severity of PMS symptoms among female students. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 370 female college students. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire covering sociodemographic factors, menstrual characteristics, and PMS symptoms across three domains: physiological, psychological, and behavioral. Descriptive statistics, ANOVA, and multiple linear regression analyses were performed to identify associated factors. Results: Departments (94.6%). The majority had a normal BMI (65.4%), and 76.5% reported moderate menstrual flow. ANOVA results indicated significant associations between PMS symptoms and BMI, marital status, menstrual cycle length, and menstrual flow. In the regression models, overweight or obese students demonstrated significantly lower physiological ( Conclusion: PMS symptoms among female students are significantly influenced by BMI, menstrual flow characteristics, department of study, and age at menarche. These findings highlight the importance of targeted health education and support programs that consider these factors to effectively manage PMS symptoms in this population.

Indexed as

Premenstrual SyndromeStudentsAdolescentAdultBody Mass IndexCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansSaudi ArabiaSurveys and QuestionnairesUniversitiesYoung Adultfemale studentsnursingpremenstrual syndromeprevalenceSaudi Arabiasymptomsuniversity students

Identifiers

PMID41446532
PMCPMC12722996

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.