Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41444598›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of health geographics2025

Multiscale geographically weighted modeling of tuberculosis incidence in China: integrating geographic perspectives into epidemiological analysis.

Zihao Wang, Jianchen Zhang

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of health geographics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Zihao WangState Key Laboratory of Spatial Datum, College of Remote Sensing and Geoinformatics Engineering, Faculty of Geographical Science and Engineering, Henan University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
Jianchen ZhangState Key Laboratory of Spatial Datum, College of Remote Sensing and Geoinformatics Engineering, Faculty of Geographical Science and Engineering, Henan University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China. jczhang@vip.henu.edu.cn.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundTuberculosis (TB) is a major global health problem, and the pathogenesis of TB is determined by multiple variables. The complicated relationship between geographic determinants and incidence rates is poorly understood, and multicollinearity and spatial heterogeneity were not considered when exploring this relationship.

methodsIn this study, the factors influencing the incidence of TB in China were investigated, considering spatial heterogeneity, to develop a multidimensional TB indicator system that incorporates geographic factors. A comprehensive linear-nonlinear two-stage feature screening model was developed to identify key factors contributing to TB. The ordinary least squares model was constructed at the national scale using these key indicators to understand the macro-relationships between TB incidence rates and key indicators. A geographically weighted regression (GWR) model was constructed at a provincial scale, and a multiscale geographically weighted regression (MGWR) model was developed to conduct an in-depth comparative analysis of the fitting effects of the GWR and MGWR models on the TB incidence rates. The goal of this study is to investigate the impact of the GWR and MGWR models on TB incidence. The adjustable bandwidth mechanism of the MGWR model was compared with the fixed bandwidth mechanism of the GWR model to determine the best model for geographical analysis of TB incidence.

resultsThe MGWR model had the best fit (R

conclusionThese results provide the theoretical foundation for developing TB prevention and control measures.

Indexed as

TuberculosisChinaHumansIncidenceMulti-scale geographically weighted regressionPearson's correlation coefficientRandom forestTuberculosis affecting factorsVIF

Identifiers

PMID41444598
PMCPMC12729106

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.