ArticleParasites & vectors2025
Tracking pyrethroid resistance in arbovirus mosquito vectors: mutations I1532T and F1534C in Aedes albopictus across Europe.
Article in Parasites & vectors, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Present and Future of Mosquito-Borne Disease Control in Europe with a Specific Focus on the Mediterranean.Insects · 2026Review
- Spatial Dynamics and Sterilization Range of IncompatibleTropical medicine and infectious disease · 2026Article
- TrackingGigaByte (Hong Kong, China) · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
48 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundWith the worldwide spread of the Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus, the number of autochthonous cases of exotic arboviral diseases, such as dengue or chikungunya, is increasing in temperate regions. In Europe, pyrethroids are the only insecticides allowed for the abatement of adult mosquitoes and are thus crucial for limiting ongoing arbovirus transmission. Despite this and the report of resistance rising in vector populations worldwide, information on the pyrethroid resistance status of vector populations and knowledge on resistance mechanisms is widely lacking. Genotyping of knockdown resistance (kdr) mutations situated within the target site of pyrethroids, i.e., the voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC), and associated with pyrethroid resistance, is a cost-effective approach to investigate the spread of resistance in a population. Herein, we describe the European-wide distribution of two kdr mutations, i.e., I1532T and F1534C, in Ae. albopictus and evaluate their co-occurrence with another well-characterized kdr mutation, V1016G.
methodsGenotyping of the kdr mutation F1534C was performed by allele-specific PCR for 1732 Ae. albopictus specimens sampled in 19 European countries; for a subset of 419 specimens mutation I1532T was also genotyped by sequencing. For all samples, information on mutation V1016G was available, allowing evaluation of the co-occurrence of kdr alleles.
resultsMutation 1534C was detected in nine sites from six countries at an overall frequency close to 5%. Highest frequencies per site were detected in Cyprus (84%) and Greece (45%). Allele 1532 T was identified in 11 sites from 7 countries at frequencies ranging from 4% to 25% per site. Co-occurrence of different kdr alleles (1534C, 1532 T and 1016G) was observed in nine sampling sites from seven countries.
conclusionsThe present study offers the first map of the occurrence of the major Ae. albopictus kdr alleles across Europe and highlights a differential distribution of the two alleles most strongly associated with pyrethroid resistance, 1016G and 1534C. Our findings also point to the need for enhancing resistance monitoring in the Eastern Mediterranean region, where the two mutations are shown to exist in geographically close areas, with the risk of emergence of highly resistant double mutants.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.